Archive

In 2015, Leithner and Company Ltd purchased shares of BHP. In June of this year, we sold them. Over these years, this investment generated an unexpected but gratifying compound rate of total return of almost 30% per year. Using it as an example, this article summarises our approach to selling investments. As a “buy-and-hold” investor, […]

Why, particularly since the GFC, have Commonwealth Bank of Australia’s returns outpaced ANZ’s, NAB’s and Westpac’s? For decades, macro-economic conditions have affected each of the Big Four in much the same way; and since 2017-2018, in the wake of the findings of the Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry, […]

John Maynard Keynes (the First Baron Keynes of Tilton, 1883-1946) is usually remembered as the author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936) and father of “Keynesian economics.” He was probably the most famous and influential economist of the past century, and (based upon the damage they wreaked in the 1960s-1970s and since […]

In Five crucial facts the mainstream has ignored (23 April), I demonstrated that “Australian equities have entered an earnings depression – and the market has mispriced it … egregiously.” Earnings finance dividends; so what, in the midst of Australia’s bogus boom (19 May), are this depression’s implications for payouts? In this article I substantiate five more crucial facts. Collectively, they […]

The “recovery” of Australia’s economy from last year’s plunge into recession is much more apparent than real. Before the pandemic, deep-rooted and growing impediments hobbled its growth. Some have existed for decades, others result from the poor policy during and since the GFC. And beginning in March of last year, politicians’ abandonment of even the pretence […]

If you’ve been following the news – which, two of my recent posts concluded, is a mistake! – for the past six months or more, you’ll be forgiven for thinking that the earnings of ASX-listed firms are recovering and therefore that the market’s remarkable gains since March 2020 are “sustainable.” The truth is diametrically different. […]

In my previous wire, I showed that overconsumption of news misinforms investors and wastes their time. But that’s not all: in this article, I cite evidence that overconsumption – particularly of news’ online and broadcast variants – hinders thinking. It doesn’t just cause your investment returns to suffer: even worse, it also impairs your mental and […]

Shareholders and others sometimes ask: “where do you get the information you need to invest?” In response, I say something like: “every business day I scan headlines in major financial publications in Australia, Britain, Europe and North America. As a rule, I ignore opinion pieces and prognostications about markets and the economy. But I skim […]

In my previous wire, I highlighted a vital reality that hardly anybody has noticed (or, perhaps, wants to mention): remarkably few financial advisers, analysts, brokers, journalists, strategists and the like are financially independent. Few own sufficient investments to generate the stream of dividends, payments of interest or other income sources to finance their living expenses. Instead, […]

It’s vitally important, yet hardly anybody has noticed it: remarkably few financial advisers, analysts, brokers, journalists, strategists and the like are financially independent. Few, in other words, own enough assets to generate a stream of income that finances their living expenses. Instead, they rely as heavily as the average adult does – that is, almost […]

How important are rankings of managed funds’ results during the past 12 months? How should investors interpret them? In a key sense, rankings ARE important – but NOT in the way the mainstream assumes. At this time of year, and again at mid-year, when they come thick and fast, as an investor you should heed […]

Earlier this month, a columnist at another Australian website encapsulated the exuberance that’s currently gripping stocks – and the incredulity that somebody mightn’t share it: “It’s difficult to be anything other than bullish on the prospects for equity markets next year. I know I am. I mean, what exactly is the bear case? Is there […]

Do investors in American – and, by implication, global – markets receive higher returns when Democrats occupy the White House? Over the past few months, several journalists, an eminent finance academic and a prominent Australian investment manager, among others, have contended – sometimes emphatically – that they do. Most recently, The Australian (1 December) quoted Geoff Wilson, […]

In financial markets, predictions are ever-present and unavoidable. Yet investors worthy of the name don’t allow forecasts, including those of experts, to determine – or even influence – their decisions. The evidence has long been compelling but is almost universally ignored: authorities generally don’t (because they can’t) provide reliable guides to the future. Indeed, the […]

In a recent two-part series, I showed that successful investment isn’t a matter of raw brainpower; instead, it’s primarily the result of refined character – and particularly of Stoic disposition. This article elaborates two related points. First, high-IQ investors don’t outperform those of average intellect. Indeed, many people – regardless of their smarts – repeatedly […]

Benjamin Grossbaum entered this life in 1894 as a Briton; Benjamin Graham left it in 1977 as an American. He inherited Judaism but chose Stoicism. In his autobiography (Benjamin Graham: The Memoirs of the Dean of Wall Street, McGraw-Hill, 1996), he recalled that he “embraced stoicism as a gospel sent to him from heaven.” The […]

What mindset underlies successful investment? How does an investor worthy of the name cope emotionally with sudden and sharp falls, as well as extended contractions, of individual stocks’ prices and market indexes’ levels? How does she prevent bull markets from inflating her ego and corroding her discipline? The answer to these questions is fundamental and […]

Shane Oliver’s recent article (9 keys to successful investing – and why they are more important than ever amid COVID, 15 October) summarises “nine key things for investors to bear in mind in order to be successful.” It contains plenty of common sense (which isn’t very common these days) and even some wisdom (which is […]

Henrietta Howland (“Hetty”) Green (1834-1916) exemplifies the practice of investment that Benjamin Graham pioneered in the 1930s, Warren Buffett has advocated since the 1950s and Leithner & Company has practised since 1999. She bought quality assets that others shunned – particularly during the financial crises that punctuated her career – and during bull markets, when […]

Have you ever heard of the Depression of 1920-1921? In the U.S., where historical data are extensive, reliable and widely available, it was painfully sharp but mercifully short. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, that country’s unofficial arbiter of the business cycle’s ups and downs, it commenced in January 1920 and ended in […]

Do Low Rates of Interest Really Support Markets? On 10 September, I concluded that they don’t. This article explores one of this result’s major implications: investors can’t depend upon central banks. This is because their “stimulus” has produced artificially-low rates that are increasingly – and dangerously – divorced from reality. It’s possible, as the saying goes, that […]

Do today’s minuscule rates of interest justify stock markets’ sky-high valuations? Bulls often imply – and sometimes boldly assert – that they do, and mainstream theory is on their side. The problem is that theory is elegant and tidy, whereas reality is clumsy and messy: many factors, many of them fleeting and some of which […]

Are Australian stocks overvalued, fairly valued or undervalued? Leithner & Company, a value investor based in Brisbane, regularly analyses data that shed light upon this vital – and perennial – question. This article outlines some of the argument and analysis that supports my conclusion that the All Ordinaries Index is presently overvalued by at least […]

26 July-26 October 2020 In the closing passages of Elinor Ostrom’s Governing the Commons (1990) she states that the “intellectual trap” of much of … public policy is that scholars “presume that they are omniscient observers able to comprehend the essentials of how complex, dynamic systems work by creating stylized descriptions of some aspects of those systems.” […]

26 March – 26 June 2020 Some Americans have much higher income and wealth than others. Former President Barack Obama explained, “I do think at a certain point you’ve made enough money.” An adviser to Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez who has a Twitter account called Every Billionaire Is A Policy Failure tweeted, “My goal for this year is to get […]

26 November 2019 – 26 February 2020 [The U.S.,] and with it most of the Western world, is presently going through a period of inflation and credit expansion . As the quantity of money in circulation and deposits subject to check increases, there prevails a general tendency for the prices of commodities and services to […]

26 July – 26 October 2019 A senior U.N. environmental official says entire nations could be wiped off the face of the Earth by rising sea levels if the global warming trend is not reversed by the year 2000. Coastal flooding and crop failures would create an exodus of ″eco-refugees,” threatening political chaos, said Noel […]

26 March – 26 June 2019 “Here’s the truth, Brothers and sisters, there’s plenty of money in the world. There’s plenty of money in this city. It’s just in the wrong hands.” [So said New York City’s Mayor, Bill de Blasio, in his State of the City address on 10 January 2019]. American politics is […]

26 November 2018 – 28 February 2019 Ask yourself … what imprint will you leave in the sands of history? Did we take risks? Did we dare to defy expectations? Did we challenge accepted wisdom and take on established systems? … Or did we just go along with convention, swim down-stream so easily with the […]

26 August – 26 October 2018 The academic world is the natural habitat of half-baked ideas … You might think that the collapse of communism throughout Eastern Europe would be considered a decisive failure for Marxism, but academic Marxists in America are utterly undaunted. Their paycheques and their tenure are unaffected. Their theories continue to […]

26 April 2018 – 26 July 2018 California Governor Jerry Brown said legal rulings may clear the way for making cuts to public pension benefits, which would go against long-standing assumptions and potentially provide financial relief to the state and its local governments. Brown said he has a “hunch” the courts would “modify” the so-called […]

26 September 2017 – 26 March 2018 Alan Jay Levinovitz recently put forth the provocative argument that economics is The New Astrology. … The failure of the field to predict the 2008 crisis has also been well-documented. In 2003, for example, only five years before the Great Recession, the Nobel Laureate Robert E. Lucas Jr told the American […]

26 July 2017 – 26 August 2017 My impression is that “strategists” are very skilled at summarising and expressing current conventional wisdom, i.e., knowing what presently excites the herd. They don’t influence mass expectations, and still less do they create them: instead, they reflect them. … On average since the mid-1920s, the S&P 500 has […]

26 March 2017 – 26 June 2017 Let the directors of the [Second Bank of the United States] pursue their business on principles of Christian benevolence, and all will be well. Let them wind up the business of the Bank, without attempting to break down the government, … and it will die with the blessings […]

26 November 2016 – 26 February 2017 The FOMC has consistently overestimated future Fed Funds Rate (FFR) hikes. For a body that prides itself on super-scientific research methods and has teams of economists (self-described) and statisticians, it’s interesting that they can’t even predict their own behaviour. The graph is comical. These errors can be either […]

26 July – 26 October 2016 Nobel Prize winning economist and former vice-president of the World Bank, Joseph Stiglitz, praised Venezuela’s economic growth and “positive policies in health and education” during a visit to Caracas on Wednesday. “Venezuela’s economic growth has been very impressive in the last few years,” Stiglitz said … “President Hugo Chávez […]

26 March 2016 – 26 June 2016 … There cannot be any question of abolishing interest by any institutions, laws, or devices of bank manipulation. He who wants to “abolish” interest will have to induce people to value an apple available in a hundred years no less than a present apple. What can be abolished […]

26 November 2015 – 26 February 2016 We’re delaying a normalization of rates way, way beyond what is prudent. We have a monetary policy that’s now in place that was adopted for the crisis conditions of 2008 and 2009. This [northern] summer we’re going to be getting the seventh year of this recovery. It’s been […]

26 July 2015 – 26 October 2015 The special commodity or medium that we call money has a long and interesting history. And since we are so dependent on our use of it (and so much controlled and motivated by the wish to have more of it or not to lose what we have) we […]

26 March 2015 – 26 June 2015 analysis, Benjamin Graham, wrote in The Intelligent Investor in 1949: “The investor’s chief problem – and even his worst enemy – is likely to be himself.” … From financial history and from my own experience, I long ago concluded that regression to the mean is the most powerful […]

26 October 2014 – 26 February 2015 altogether even the pretence of teaching. … [More generally, English universities have] become sanctuaries in which exploded systems and obsolete prejudices found shelter and protection, after they had been hunted out of every other corner of the world. In general, the richest and best endowed universities have been […]

26 June 2014 – 26 September 2014 There’s a pattern of falsifying statistics throughout the entire [U.S.] Census Bureau. And anyone who attempts to blow the whistle on the fraud is either retaliated against or ignored, according to two new sources who have experienced the process firsthand. In [one] instance, a data collector … was faking reports that […]

26 February 2014 – 26 May 2014 I favour the policy of economy not because I wish to save money, but because I wish to save people. The men and women of this country who toil are the ones who bear the cost of the government. Every dollar we carelessly waste means that their life […]

26 October 2013 – 26 January 2014 In short, the delusion of paper riches is working as rapidly in England as it did in America. A young and inexperienced Minister, like a young and inexperienced Congress, may suppose that he sees mines of wealth in a printing press, and that a nation cannot be exhausted […]

26 July 2013 – 26 October 2013 During every preceding period of stock speculation and subsequent collapse there has been the same widespread idea that in some miraculous way, endlessly elaborated but never actually defined, the fundamental conditions and requirements of progress and prosperity have been changed, that old economic principles have been abrogated, … […]

26 February 2013 – 26 June 2013 recession. On Wednesday, Chairman Ben Bernanke declared that this has worked so well that the Fed must keep easing money for as long as anyone can predict in order to save a still-sputtering recovery. That’s the contradiction at the heart of the Fed’s latest foray into “unconventional policy,” […]

26 November 2012 – 26 February 2013 Is lying considered an appropriate mode of communication for euro-zone leaders? Asked whether deliberate misinformation would undermine the market’s confidence in future euro-zone pronouncements, [Guy Schuller, the spokesman for Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, the man who is the head of the Eurogroup council of euro-zone finance ministers], […]

26 July 2012 – 26 October 2012 At the same time that China’s economy no longer benefits from these three favourable conditions, it must recover from the dislocations – asset bubbles and inflation – caused by Beijing’s excessive pump priming in 2008 and 2009, the biggest economic stimulus program in world history (including $1 trillion-plus […]

26 April 2012 – 26 June 2012 Is lying considered an appropriate mode of communication for euro-zone leaders? Asked whether deliberate misinformation would undermine the market’s confidence in future euro-zone pronouncements, [Guy Schuller, the spokesman for Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, the man who is the head of the Eurogroup council of euro-zone finance ministers], […]

23 December 2011 – 23 March 2012 I consider economic laws comparable to natural laws, and I have just as much faith in the principle of the division of labor as I have in the universal law of gravitation. I believe that while these principles can be disturbed, they admit of no exceptions. “De la […]

26 August 2011 – 26 November 2011 alone for the reduction of the administration of our government to the genuine principles of its Constitution; I mean an additional article, taking from the federal government the power of borrowing. Thomas Jefferson Letter to John Taylor 26 November 1798 Credit expansion cannot increase the supply of real […]

26 April 2011 – 26 July 2011 re and from coal, but they are going to last for some time. I think that the prices of those goods, given the growth in Asia, given the demand in Asia, given the fact there’s a construction boom in Asia which will last for a long time. That […]

26 November 2010 – 26 March 2011 I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! […]

26 July 2010 – 26 October 2010 It would be irresponsible in the extreme for an individual to forestall a personal recession by taking out newer, bigger loans when the old loans can’t be repaid. However, this is precisely what we are planning on a national level.I believe these ideas hold sway largely because they […]

26 April 2010 – 26 June 2010 It would appear that the more liberty we lose, the less people are able to imagine how liberty might work. It is a fascinating thing to behold. People can no longer imagine a world in which we could be secure without massive invasions of our privacy at every […]

26 December 2009 – 26 March 2010 After nearly four months of frank, honest, and open dialogue about the failing economy, a weary U.S. populace announced this week that it is once again ready to be lied to about the current state of the financial system. Tired of hearing the grim truth about their economic […]

26 September 2009 – 26 November 2009 From the beginning of the current financial crisis, many officials have been insisting that a big part of our problem is “confidence.” Remember back [in October-November 2008] when the $700 billion bailout was supposed to inject “confidence” into the financial system? I can’t help but think of another […]

26 June 2009 – 26 August 2009 My arrival (very recently) at philosophical anarchism has disturbed some of my conservative and Christian friends … My fellow Christians have argued that the state’s authority is divinely given. They cite Christ’s injunction “Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s” and St Paul’s words “The powers that […]

26 March – 26 May 2009 Private ownership of savings … can be socially controlled. The social abuses connected with savings are encountered mainly in the mechanics of investment and financial management by the large banks, savings institutions, and insurance companies which handle savings. It is a relatively easy matter for the State to preserve […]

26 December 2008 – 26 February 2009 The government’s policy [is creating] a short-term boom in housing. Like all artificially-created bubbles, the boom in housing prices cannot last forever. When housing prices fall, homeowners will experience difficulty as their equity is wiped out. Furthermore, the holders of the mortgage debt will also have a loss. […]